From 1879 to 1916, over 60,000 Indians migrated to Fiji under the Indentured Labourer Scheme. The British Government introduced the system to recruit labourers from India to work on plantations in Fiji.
The Indian Indentured Labourer collection held at the National Library of Australia includes immigration passes, general registers, plantation registers, repatriation registers and death registers. These records are used by many descendants to trace their ancestral roots from Fiji back to India and are inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register for their global significance. The National Library of Australia has worked with the National Archives of Fiji (custodians of this collection) to digitise and make records freely available via Trove.
The National Library of Australia interviewed me as part of the above project and referred Girmit.org as a website that offers a wealth of resources for family historians researching their Fiji Indian ancestry.
I copy the interview below, which is available at The National Library of Australia website
Interview by Leisa Fox – 30 August 2020
Your website ‘Girmit.org’ focuses on indentured labourers transported from India to Fiji to work on plantations. Why did you call your website ‘Girmit’?
The term ‘Girmit’ coined from the (English) word ‘Agreement’ refers to the ‘The Indenture Agreement’ between the British Government and the Indians who apparently agreed to work in Fiji and other colonies for a service period of five years from the date of arrival in the Colony. The nature of labour was work in connection with the cultivation of the soil or the manufacture of the produce on any plantation. Furthermore, the ‘Agreement’ stated all the other conditions such as the number of days of work, the monthly or daily wages and the rates of pay and living conditions was part of the contract. This word is widely known amongst the Fiji Indians and also the Caribbean Indians whose ancestors travelled from India to the colonies.
What inspired you to set up this site?
In 2006, my daughter who was 3 at that time asked me ‘where did I come from’ because I wasn’t born in Australia. So, I started doing a bit of research and during this time my uncles from my dad’s side of the family were talking about doing a family reunion and that’s when I discovered my great-grandfather’s immigration pass and photos. I realised that the contents of the immigration pass were such a valuable piece of our history and then I started researching more. I finally published this information onto a website in 2008. So, the inspiration was my daughter, and the need to provide her with well researched data and complete information led me to establish this site.
The Indian immigration passes, 1879-1916 have been one of the most highly requested family history items at the National Library of Australia. Why do you think it is so popular?
Since the establishment of Girmit.org and up until 2010 when I finally had a lot of content on the website, I have been providing this information utilising every online platform to share the link of the site and also posted blogs and articles with the aim to educate, and share the history that I thought was slowly being forgotten. I actively posted information and sent regular emails to people in my contact and also to my friends and family asking everyone to forward the link to others. Then I involved some prominent Fiji Indians in different countries including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and USA, who were all on board and helped share the information with a lot of people. This generated more and more interest and enabled people to contact NLA for the immigration passes, since NLA had a copy of the microfilms. I suppose there comes a time when people realise that our past has shaped our lives and many of us want to know more about it to appreciate it.
Indian immigration passes, 1879-1916. Fiji. Department of Immigration. & Central Archives of Fiji and the Western Pacific High Commission. nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2586944660
What impact will the digitisation of these records have for the descendants of immigrants researching their family history?
Firstly, I am so thankful and grateful that NLA has taken up this project. I don’t have words to express my gratitude. Once the records are available in a searchable database, people will be able to so easily access their ancestral data. This is very emotional for many Fiji Indian descendants and will enable people to find their origins back in India. The digitisation of the records will encourage more people to know and appreciate their past.
August is Family History Month. Do you have any advice or research tips to share with the novices beginning their Fiji Indian family history or for the more experienced researcher?
Some tips that I would share, is to talk to as many people within the family as you can. Make a Facebook family group and document every bit of your conversation. The most important part of research is that whatever information you get from anywhere about your family, write it down, keep on taking notes and then join the dots later. The time to start your research is now. Girmit.org is a good starting point. I read somewhere that, one thread alone is weak, but woven into something larger, surrounded by other threads of different colours is not only beautiful, but also stronger if we are part of a tapestry.
Hello I am a descendant of Fiji’s Indentured labourers
My grandfather Girdhari father’s name Sarju came from India
His girmit pss number is 53186
Please can I have a copy of this document so that I can do research of my ancestors and families in India
Kind Regards
Rishikesh
Hi Rishikesh, I have emailed you the immigration pass number 53186 (in a pdf and jpeg version) Good luck with your research.
Hi Vanita,
I am Shyam Upadhyay, an Independent Filmmaker. I am working on a documentary about “Indentured Labour” and I am in need of some high-resolution images from the Girmit Era. Could you provide me with them or suggest where I can find them?
Additionally, I am also seeking copies of indentured labourers’ contracts letters, if possible.
Thank you.
Hi we used to be able to access the list before this new website came into being. What happened to the easy to use and always available ,Girmit.org.fj site ?
Now the list is no longer accessible with asking someone for it.
Hi Peter, what list are you referring to? I am not sure what list are you looking for? Please feel free to send me a message either here or via the contact us page. FYI – the list of the Indian Immigration Passes are now digitalized and available via the Australian National Library. The passes were previously available in 42 reels of microfiche films.
I own this domain name which is girmit.org and it never had the domain extension .fj attached to it. If there is a site with the .fj extension then, I am sorry I am not aware of it and cannot assist you. The domain name girmit.org now diverts to girmitiya.girmit.org which I have re-designed to include a new and dynamic interface. Please feel free to post any further questions or queries via the comments section or the contact form at the end of this page. Thank you.
I want find family in Fiji
Their name Kalpu s/o Gokul
His Pass Number – 45775
Boat – Ganges
Date of goto in fiji – 1911
Hi Virendra, I hope you have received the Immigration pass that I emailed you. Thanks
Hi.
I do not have any details on my great grandparents, i suppose.
Please advise what all details you need to help me identify their place of origin in india.
Thank you
Hi Vanita
Are you able to send me a copy of pass number 37492.
It belongs to my Aja.
Appreciate your assistance
Thanks/regards
Hello Arvind, I have emailed you your Aja’s immigration pass. Thank you.
Found more information came in June of 1914
Could you please sent me the copy of immigration pass no 55657
Hi Abdul, I have emailed you the immigration pass that you requested.
Hi Vinita Kumar please if I can get my grandfather’s information to his name was Sahtu some Places Satu , my name is Mahendra Kumar’ f/n Arjun , his brothers where , Krishna, Rama , Chongoni,Appu, Kuttapu, Narayan , my father’s sisters name, Chinnama, Kalyani, and Nagamma the fourth one I don’t know her name . Please if you can trace the name and let me know. My email is kjacobmahendra5673@gmail.com .
Dear Vanita, thank you so much for this website and the info herein. I have had success in locating three of my six ancestors through the emigration passes. However, am currently stuck as the remaining ancestors names start with initials M and onwards, and I noticed that the emigration passes lists go up to M+a only. Could you please point me in the right direction on how to go about searching for these? I am aware of the Trove database available through the National Library of Australia and have utilised it to look up plantation registers, general registers and death registers, etc. However, without emigration pass numbers for the remaining three ancestors, I feel like I am looking for a needle (or 3 for that matter) in a haystack. Would appreciate your guidance. Thank you so much again.
Hi Vikashni,
I understand your dilemma and my frustration is that the records are illegible and it is a very time-consuming and tedious task to complete I have shelved it for now. I will pick this body of work when I have some time at hand. Will keep everyone posted via this website. In the meantime, the register is available at the NLA/Trove site to search – so sorry I wish I could assist you with this.
Hi Vanita, noting your reply from 2022, have you recommenced uploading emigration passes for Individuals with names N onwards? Thanks.
Hi Babita, sorry for the late response. Unfortunately, I haven’t been able to index the remainder of the list. I am hoping National Archives of Fiji will continue with this task.
Any Idea What year and his age was when he came to Fiji?
Hi, my name is Salesh Chand and my fathers name was Deo Chand and my grandfathers name was Ram Prasad and great grandfathers name was Saheb Din.
I would like to trace my ancestral history.
Could you please help to trace my ancestral history.
Thank you
Hi Salesh, you can search the index (A-M) for the Girmitiya name, which will lead you to the Trove database, where you can obtain the immigration pass.
Hi Vanita. I am a descendant of an indentured laborer in Fiji. I do not now his immigration pass number. However, I wish to have this immigration pass. Can you please assist me with how I can obtain that?
Thanks
Avinesh
Hi Avinesh, you will need the Girmitiya’s name and his father’s name or any other information such as the ship’s name to start your research.
Good morning. I am descendent of girmityas. Want to research my root back to India.
Indentured labourer was Mr Patan Raj. He has 3 sons namely Ram Raj, Brij Raj and Suruj Raj all born in Fiji.
Please need your assistance. Thanks
Hi Nalish I can do a search with the name, however, you will need a bit more information than just the name. Will let you know how I go.
Hi Vanita, can you please send me a copy of emigration pass 27481, 31469, and 38085.
Many thanks, Ron
Hey Ron, I have emailed you the passes – sorry for the delay. Thanks and regards, Vanita
My grandfather came to Fiji in 1901 in the ship Fazilka number 3.
Is it possible to send me the detail and emigration pass.
Thanks
Rajendra Shankar
Hi Rajendra, Do you know your granfather’s name? It would be easier to search if we had a name. Otherwise you could go through the entire list of Girmitiyas who arrived in 1901 in Fazilka Number 3.
Initially, I found the NLA archive link through a number of other websites when this should have been my very start. Let me state how grateful I am to have found my paraaja/ajee and parnana/nani [great grandparents here with only a few details (ie. names that can have alt. spellings if others are searching)] .Over a number of days, I found their passes and pulled on that familial thread to find our origins in India!
To those of you who may be renascent to fall into caste hierarchy and hesitate to share this info or seek it in the first place- DO NOT BEGET MORE LIES over PRIDE!
If you are unfortunate to find any info, then try DNA based genealogy tech. It does ever-evolve, but India has a strong mtDNA lines due to it’s haplogroups so it’s a research focus. Alternately, visit the Archive Office in SUVA Fiji and request the Colonial records on microfilm well in advance of your trip.
Last and most importantly, Thank you to Mrs. KUMAR because I did try this search over a decade ago and it was non-existent. It is an incredible resource to the half million of us.
Can I get a copy of 43191 and 40240 please
The ones on the scans are very hard to read
Hi Kris, apologies for the delay in response. I have emailed you the passes that you requested.
Hi
My grandfather name is dwarka prasad Maharaj,
Father’s name is Bhagirati Maharaj.
Pass number is 45655.
Can I have the documents for research please.
Hi ma’m
Can I have the documents of the following passes.
39872
27256
23955
49533
59869
20911
34966
20344
43436
47054
50377
25402
31696
57395
19738
19398
45312
57394
20343
20912
Hi Rajnita, I would suggest that you navigate to: https://girmitiya.girmit.org/new/index.php/access-passnumber/ then find the range of the above pass numbers, select “View Online” which will take you to the Trove Database, then download the pass that way. Sorry I would have downloaded it had it been a few passes but you need a lot, and I wouldn’t get the time to do that. It would be easy for you to download it at your end. Let me know if you have any issues.
Hi Vanita
I would like to trace our roots going on both my parents side but only have grandparent’s names : Sarju or Sarjoo
His wife was Sarupia
Also Goga Das or Goga Dass
No details of ships or emigration passes.
They were located in the Suva/ Nausori area
Hi Dinesh, I have emailed you with some questions regarding your request.
Hello vinita my great grand parents ram Autar and great grand mother Parvati wati were from India to I don’t have pass number could please assist me
Email pras.pratal11@gmail.com
Hi Dinesh,
I viewed all 400+ passes for the Syria ship and am certain I have seen passes in the name Sarju.
Hi Vanita,
I notice some photo’s above with pass numbers attached to them, did every pass have a corresponding photo?…if so where can I obtain them?
Hi Shalendra
The immigration passes of Girmitiyas to Fiji were not associated with photos. The photos that you see in the website are screengrabs from the “Coolies” Documentary.
Hi i am samshad prasad reside in hawaii for 27yrs.my dad sheik usman ali and his father liakali f/n rajakali name as is on my grandfathers passport.passport info:born in BADOLI,india.D/B 1893.fiji passport #17873 and i dont know whats K.R#96862.his only visit to india was 1/2/1951 to bombay.how can i track my ancestors.i still carry his passport.hope this information will help you track my families in india.thanks
Hi Samshad – I believe you have the Immigration pass, which contains the village and district details. Unfortunately, I cannot help you trace your roots, however you can read articles available at Girmit.org website and go from there.
Hi Vanita
I am so excited to come across this site. I would love to have more information on my ancestors. Thank you so much
My dad’s paternal grandfather’s name was Anultha Dob, 1891. His wife’s name: Sukhraji Dob: 1895. I have no further details
My dad’s maternal grandfather’s name: Albat Dob, abt 1890. His wife’s name: Sukhrani, Dob: 1894. No further details
My mom’s dad: Sakatu Singh, Dob: 1873, was born in Calcutta.
Mom’s paternal grandfather: Rosan Singh, was born in 1853. No record of his wife
Mom’s maternal grandfather: Lakhya, was born in 1894. His wife was Kansi, and she was born in 1889. No further details
Hi Vanita,
Please provide me details of my great grandfather Gounden Munusamy, Passenger 58529.
Kind regardss,
Kush
Hi Kush
I have emailed you the requested pass.
Hi Vanita,
I am trying to trace my ancestors. Only information I have is name and village.
Name: Lalji
State: : Hoshiyarpur- Punjab
City : Gardshankar-
Village: Jata Shankri
I you could please help me with this.
Thank you,
Hi Roshni, please go to the List of Girmitiyas page at https://girmitiya.girmit.org/new/index.php/alphabetical-list-of-girmitiyas/indian-immigration-passes-list-l/ then search for “Lalji”. There are 6 names (Lalji) with their respective Immigration Pass number. Then go to the Page “Search by Pass Number” at https://girmitiya.girmit.org/new/index.php/access-passnumber/ and find the range of numbers of the passes and select the link from there which will take you to the Trove data – where you can select the pass which outlines the details that you have provided me.
I have noticed that the emigration passes lists go up to M+a only. The ancestors names starting with initials M and onwards are not there. Is there any way/ place this search can be made easier for me (and for others)?
Hi Shateesh, Thank you for visiting Girmit.org. The process of digitising the index is quite manual. After the Immigration passes were scanned and made available by the National Library of Australia, typing the list of emigrants didn’t appear to be a priority. However, you can still search the General Register of Indian Immigration 1879 – 1916 on the Trove database. It’s organised into 10 collections and sorted by immigration pass numbers. I hope this information is helpful to you.
Hi dear.
I want to find my ancestors that came from India in girmit. I don’t have much information. Name was Moola Patel and he was from bihar. Hope to get some help. Looking forward to hear back from you.
Thank you
Hi Rohit, I have emailed you the information.
Dear Vanita Kumar,
I hope this message finds you well.
I wanted to take a moment to commend you for the monumental task of digitizing the records and creating this incredible website we see today. The resources you’ve made available are vast, and I truly appreciate the effort that has gone into this project. As you’ve often mentioned, the process is both time-consuming and challenging, particularly given the haphazard arrangement of the recordings. Navigating through hundreds, if not thousands, of scanned films without knowing specific pass numbers must have been a daunting undertaking.
It is truly remarkable what you’ve accomplished. Thank you for your outstanding work and dedication. I also hope that one day we can extend this effort to index the passes from N-Z to make the resource even more comprehensive.
I do have a question that you might be able to assist with: is there any service available that can help decipher the handwritten emigration passes? Some of my ancestors’ passes have handwriting that is difficult to read, and I believe some verification may be required. This is particularly important as we intend to apply for Overseas Citizen of India (PIO/OCI) status in the near future.
Once again, thank you for the tremendous effort, time, and support you’ve invested in this project.
With kind regards,
Jay Shandil
Sydney
Hi Jay
So sorry for the delayed response. Thank you so much for your kind message. I truly appreciate your words of support and encouragement. It’s heartening to know that the website and resources have been helpful in your journey of tracing family history.
At this stage I am not looking at indexing the N–Z passes, however may consider this in future.
I completely understand how challenging deciphering the handwritten emigration passes can be. While I’m unable to assist directly, there are professionals and resources that may be able to help. You might consider contacting local archives, historical societies, or university history departments.
You may also find the following resources helpful:
Navigating Handwritten Documents with Ease – a guide by Queensland State Archives with tips for reading historical handwriting.
Transkribus – a transcription tool that uses AI to read and convert handwritten historical documents into text. It’s widely used in archival and academic research and may assist with difficult scripts. That said, when I used it to transcribe entries from the Indian immigrant register, the results were limited — likely due to the lack of an appropriate language model (such as Hindi) for names and terms specific to those records.
Wishing you all the best with your research.
Hi Vanita
I want a detailed copy of pass number 56322 and 5635 and 10302 and 33704 and 24240.
This one’s for now. Thank you.
Hi Akansha, So sorry for the delayed response. I have emailed you the passes as per your request.
Hi
Can you please email me a copy of pass for my great grand father. His E pass number was 30486. His name was Hulasi f/n Sobha Ram. The Ship name was Fultala.
Thanks
Sanjeev
Hi Sanjeev, I have emailed you the passes as requested.
Hi Sanjeev, I have emailed you the requested pass.